Political Science 719:
Racial And Ethnic Politics in the U.S.
Fall
2001: W 11:00 – 1:00
Professor Cara Wong
Office: Room 211 Office
Hours: 4 to 6 pm, Tues (Church St.)
Department
of Political Science Or
by appointment
611
Church Street Email:
cjwong@umich.edu
Phone: 615-9104
(Church St.)
615-3705
(CPS)
This course is a seminar on racial and ethnic politics in the U.S., focusing primarily on African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Whites. It is designed to explore conceptual and methodological issues, while focusing on how racial and ethnic groups shape and are shaped by the American political system. Among the topics to be covered include the meaning of race and ethnicity, the history of racial and immigration politics, prejudice, group participation and mobilization, political representation, and public opinion.
You will be required to write a short reaction paper each
week. They should be no longer than one
typed, single-spaced page each, and should be reflections on or critiques of
the assigned readings. The following is
a list of different approaches you might take:
juxtapose and comment on alternative explanations or approaches to a
substantive topic; criticize the methodologies used and propose other
strategies of research; criticize the conceptualization or measurement of a
particular construct; analyze the implications of a set of findings; suggest
new questions and hypotheses for research; or develop similarities or contrasts
with themes covered in previous weeks.
The papers do not need to cover all of the readings for a week, but they
should contain an argument and not merely a summary or description of the
readings.
These papers must be turned in to me no later than noon
on the Tuesday before the scheduled Wednesday session. Please email them to me
as attachments. These essays will serve
as the starting point for group discussion.
In addition to these short essays, you will write a
research paper on a topic of your choice.
Books
Ordered:
Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann, Color Conscious
Paul Frymer, Uneasy
Alliances
James Glaser, Race,
Campaign Politics, and the Realignment in the South
Leslie Hatamiya, Righting
a Wrong: Japanese Americans and the Passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988
Jon Hurwitz and Mark Peffley, eds., Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States
Michael Jones-Correa, Between
Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City
Claire Jean Kim, Bitter
Fruit: The Politics of Black-Korean Conflict in New York City
Robert Lieberman, Shifting
the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State
David Lublin, The
Paradox of Representation
Tali Mendelberg, The
Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages, and the Norm of Equality
Paul Peterson, ed., Classifying
by Race
David O. Sears, et al., eds., Racialized Politics: The Debate About Racism in America
Sept 5 Introduction
Sept 12: Conceptualization & Measurement
Readings:
Diamond. Jared. 1994. “Race
Without Color.” Discover 15: 82-89.
Online thru Mirlyn.*
Gould, Stephen Jay. 1994. The
Geometer of Race.” Discover 15: 64-9.
Online thru Mirlyn.*
Haney-Lopez, Ian. 1996. White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race. Chapter 3 (“The Prerequisite Cases”),
Chapter 4 (“Ozawa and Thind”), Chapter 5 (“The Legal
Construction of Race”), and Appendices. New York: New York University Press.
Winant, Howard. 2000. “Race and
Race Theory.” Annual Review of Sociology
26:169-85. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Omi, Michael. 2001. “The
Changing Meaning of Race.” In America
Becoming: Racial Trends and their Consequences, eds. Neil J. Smelser,
William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell. Washington, D.C.: National Academy
Press, 243-63.
Hirschman, Charles, Richard
Alba, and Reynolds Farley. 2000. “The Meaning and Measurement of Race in the
U.S. Census: Glimpses into the Future.” Demography
v37: 381-93. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Skerry, Peter. 2000. Counting on the Census?: Race, Group
Identity, and the Evasion of Politics. Chapter 3 (“Creating Racial and
Ethnic Categories”) and Appendices. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution
Press.
Appiah, Anthony. 1996. “Race,
Culture, Identity: Misunderstood Connections.” In Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race, K. Anthony Appiah
and Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
* These readings can be purchased in a separate reader if you prefer not to get them online.
Sept 19 Drawing Boundaries
Readings:
Barth, Fredrik. 1996. “Ethnic
Groups and Boundaries.” In Ethnicity,
eds. John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
75-82.
Gleason, Philip. 1992. Speaking of Diversity: Language and
Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America. Chapter 1 (“The Melting Pot”),
Chapter 2 (“Confusion Compounded”), and Chapter 3 (“The Odd Couple”).
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Espiritu, Yen Le. 1992. Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging
Institutions and Identities. Chapter 1 (“Ethnicity and Panethnicity”).
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Alba, Richard and Victor Nee.
1997. “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration.” International Migration Review
31:826-74. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in
America. Chapter 2 (“Flux and Choice in American Ethnicity”) and Chapter 3
(“Influences on Ancestry Choice”). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant
Dreams and American Realities. Chapter 3 (“Racial and Ethnic Identity
Choices”), Chapter 5 (“Encountering American Race Relations”), and Chapter 8
(“Identities of the Second Generation”). New York : Russell Sage Foundation.
Rogers, Reuel. 2000.
“Afro-Caribbean Immigrants, African Americans, and the Politics of Group
Identity.” In Black and Multiracial
Politics in America, eds.Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh and Lawrence J.
Hanks. New York: New York University
Press, 15-59.
Rogin, Michael. 1992. “Making
America Home: Racial Masquerade and Ethnic Assimilation in the Transition to
Talking Pictures.” Journal of American
History 79:1050-77. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Sept 26 Intergroup Competition & Cooperation
Readings:
LeVine, Robert A. and Donald T.
Campbell. 1971. Ethnocentrism: Theories
of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group Behavior. Chapter 3 (“Realistic Group Conflict
Theory”) and Chapter 8 (“Frustration-Aggression-Displacement Theory”). New
York: Wiley.
Kim, Claire Jean. 2000. Bitter Fruit: The Politics of Black-Korean
Conflict in New York City.
New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press.
Bobo, Lawrence and Vincent L.
Hutchings. 1996. “Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer's Theory
of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context.” American Sociological Review 61:951-72. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Lichter, Michael and Roger
Waldinger. 2001. “Producing Conflict: Immigration and the Management of
Diversity in the Metropolis.” In Color
Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Civil Rights Options for America,
ed. John David Skrentny. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 147-67.
Garcia, John A. 2000.
“Coalition Formation: The Mexican-Origin Community and Latinos and African
Americans.” In Immigration and Race: New
Challenges for American Democracy, ed. Gerald D. Jaynes. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Oct 3 Stereotypes, Prejudice & Discrimination
(part 1)
Readings:
Trimble, Joseph E. “Stereotypical Images, American Indians, and Prejudice.” In Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy, eds. Phyllis A. Katz and Dalmas A. Taylor. New York: Plenum Press, 181-202.
Kuklinski, James H. and Michael
D. Cobb. 1998. “When White Southerners Converse About Race.” In Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics
in the United States, eds. Jon Hurwitz and Mark Peffley. New Haven: Yale University Press, 35-57.
Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare. Chapter 5 (“The News Media and the
Racialization of Poverty”). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lapiere, Richard
T. 1967. "Attitudes versus Actions." In Readings in Attitude
Theory and Measurement, eds. Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Post, Robert C. 1995. Constitutional Domains: Democracy,
Community, Management. Reprise (“The Racist Speech Problem”). Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Green, Donald P., Robert P.
Abelson, and Margaret Garnett. “The Distinctive Political Views of Hate-Crime
Perpetrators and White Supremacists.” In Cultural
Divides: Understanding and Overcoming Group Conflict, eds. Deborah A.
Prentice and Dale T. Miller. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 429-64.
Green, Donald P., Laurence H.
McFalls, and Jennifer K. Smith. 2001. “Hate Crime: An Emergent Research Agenda.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 479-504.
Online thru Mirlyn.*
Oct 10 Stereotypes,
Prejudice & Discrimination (part
2)
Readings:
King, Desmond. 2000. Making Americans: Immigration, Race, and the
Origins of the Diverse Democracy. Chapter 4 (“The Fire of Patriotism”),
Chapter 7 (“Enacting National Origins”), and Chapter 8 (“A Slur on our
Citizenry”). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Benn Michaels, Walter. Our America. Chapter 4 (“Vanishing
American”)
Smith, Rogers M. 1993. “Beyond
Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in America.” American Political Science Review
87:549-66. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Schuck, Peter H. and Rogers M. Smith. 1985. Citizenship without Consent. Chapter 1 (“Two Conceptions of Citizenship”), Chapter 4 (“Birthright Citizenship in the Contemporary Polity”), and Chapter 5 (“Toward a Consensualist Law of Citizenship”). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Citrin, Jack, Beth Reingold,
and Donald P. Green. 1990. “American Identity and the Politics of Ethnic
Change.” Journal of Politics 52:
1124-54. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Tatalovitch, Raymond. 1997.
“Official English as Nativist Backlash.” In Immigrants
Out: The New Nativism and the Anti-Immigrant Impulse in the United States,
ed. Juan F. Perea. New York: New York
University Press.
Hero, Rodney E. 1992. Latinos and the U.S. Political System. Chapter 2 (“Theoretical Perspectives and Latino Politics”) and Chapter 11 (“Latinos and the Political System: Two-Tiered Pluralism”). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Oct 17 Public Opinion
Readings:
Stoker, Laura. 1998.
Understanding Whites’ Resistance to Affirmative Action: The Role of Principled
Commitments and Racial Prejudice.” In Perception
and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States, eds. Jon Hurwitz and
Mark Peffley. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 135-70.
Gilens, Martin. 1998. “Racial
Attitudes and Race-Neutral Social Policies: White Opposition to Welfare and the
Politics of Racial Inequality.” In
Perception and Prejudice: Race and
Politics in the United States, eds. Jon Hurwitz and Mark Peffley. New Haven: Yale University Press, 171-201.
Knight, Kathleen. 1998. “In Their Own Words: Citizens’ Explanations of Inequality Between the Races.” In Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States, eds. Jon Hurwitz and Mark Peffley. New Haven: Yale University Press, 202-32.
Kinder, Donald R. and Tali
Mendelberg. 2000. “Individualism Reconsidered: Principles and Prejudice in
Contemporary American Opinion.” In Racialized
Politics: The Debate about Racism in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim
Sidanius, and Lawrence Bobo. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 44-74.
Sears, David O., P.J. Henry,
and Rick Kosterman. 2000. “Egalitarian Values and Contemporary Racial
Politics.” In Racialized Politics: The
Debate about Racism in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim Sidanius, and
Lawrence Bobo. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 75-117.
Bobo, Lawrence. 2000. “Race and
Beliefs about Affirmative Action.” In Racialized
Politics: The Debate about Racism in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim
Sidanius, and Lawrence Bobo. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 137-64.
Sidanius, James, Pam Singh,
John J. Hetts, and Chris Federico. 2000. “It’s Not Affirmative Action, It’s the
Blacks.” In Racialized Politics: The
Debate about Racism in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim Sidanius, and
Lawrence Bobo. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 191-235.
Sniderman, Paul M., Gretchen C.
Crosby, and William G. Howell. 2000. “The Politics of Race.” In Racialized Politics: The Debate about Racism
in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim Sidanius, and Lawrence Bobo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
236-79.
Oct 24 Reparations & Race-conscious Policy
Readings:
Shklar, Judith N. 1990. The Faces of Injustice. Chapter 2
(“Misfortune and Injustice”) and Chapter 3 (“The Sense of Injustice”). New Haven: Yale University Press..
Hatamiya, Leslie T. 1993. Righting a Wrong: Japanese Americans and the
Passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Kennedy, Randall. 1990.
“Suspect Policy: Racial Profiling Usually isn't Racist; It can Help Stop
Crime; And It Should be
Abolished.” New Republic (Sept 13,
1999):30. http://www.thenewrepublic.com/archive/0999/091399/coverstory091399.html*
Gutmann, Amy. 1996. ‘Responding
to Racial Injustice.” In Color Conscious:
The Political Morality of Race, K. Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Oct 31 Campaigns
Readings:
Mendelberg, Tali. 2001. The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit
Messages, and the Norm of Equality.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Glaser, James M. 1996. Race, Campaign Politics, and the Realignment
in the South. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
Lee, Taeku. 2000. “The Backdoor
and the Backlash: Campaign Finance and the Politicization of Chinese
Americans.” Asian American Policy Review
19: 30-55.
Nov 7 Institutional Development
Readings:
Frymer, Paul. 1999. Uneasy Alliances: Race and Party Competition
in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lieberman, Robert C. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the
American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Deloria, Vine, Jr. and Clifford
M. Lytle. 1983. American Indians,
American Justice. Chapter 2 (“Federal Responsibility and Power over Indian
Affairs”). Austin: University of Texas Press.
Graham, Hugh Davis. 2001.
“Affirmative Action for Immigrants? The Unintended Consequences of Reform.” In Color Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration,
and Civil Rights Options for America, ed. John David Skrentny. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 53-70.
Nov 14 Political Participation
Readings:
Cho, Wendy K. Tam. 1999.
“Naturalization, Socialization, Participation: Immigrants and
(Non-)Voting.” Journal of Politics 61:1140-55. http://cho.pol.uiuc.edu/~wendy/research.html*
Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman
Schlozman, and Henry Brady. 1995. “Race, Ethnicity, and Political
Participation.” In Classifying by Race,
ed. Paul E. Peterson. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 354-78.
Chong, Dennis. 1991. Collective Action and the Civil Rights
Movement. Chapter 1 (“Public-Spirited Collective Action”), Chapter 2
(“All-Or-Nothing Public Goods”), and Chapter 3(“Selective Social Incentives and
Reputational Concerns”). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jones-Correa, Michael. 1998. Between Two Nations: The Political
Predicament of Latinos in New York City. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Green, Donald Philip and
Jonathan A. Cowden. 1992. “Who Protests: Self-interest and White Opposition to
Busing.” Journal of Politics
54:471-96. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Nov 21 Representation & Redistricting
Readings:
Valelly, Richard M. “National
Parties and Racial Disenfranchisement.” In Classifying
by Race, ed. Paul E. Peterson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
188-216.
Guinier, Lani. 1995. “The
Representation of Minority Interests.” In Classifying
by Race, ed. Paul E. Peterson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
21-49.
Lublin, David. 1997. The Paradox of Representation: Racial
Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.
Canon, David T. 1999. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The
Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. Chapter 3 (“The
Supply-Side Theory of Racial Redistricting”). Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Gay, Claudine. 2001. The Effect of Minority Districts and
Minority Representation on Political Participation in California. San
Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California.
http://www.ppic.org/publications/CG0601R/ppic147.fulltext.pdf*
Nov 28 Context
Readings:
Massey, Douglas S. 2000. “The
Residential Segregation of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, 1970-90.” In Immigration and Race: New Challenges for
American Democracy, ed. Gerald D. Jaynes.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 44-73.
Farley, Reynolds. 1999. “Racial
Issues: Recent Trends in Residential Patterns and Intermarriage.” In Diversity and Its Discontents: Cultural
Conflict and Common Ground in Contemporary American Society, eds. Neil J.
Smelser and Jeffrey C. Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
85-128.
Brewer, Marilynn B. and Norman
Miller. 1988. “Contact and Cooperation: When Do They Work?” In Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy,
eds. Phyllis A. Katz and Dalmas A. Taylor. New York: Plenum Press, 315-26.
Taylor, Marylee C. 2000. “The
Significance of Racial Context.” In Racialized
Politics: The Debate about Racism in America, eds. David O. Sears, Jim
Sidanius, and Lawrence Bobo. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 118-36.
Oliver, J. Eric and Tali
Mendelberg. 2000. “Reconsidering the Environmental Determinants of White Racial
Attitudes.” American Journal of Political Science 44:574.
Online
thru Mirlyn
Green, Donald P., Dara Z.
Strolovitch, and Janelle S. Wong. 1998. “Defended Neighborhoods, Integration,
and Racially Motivated Crime.” American
Journal of Sociology 104:372. Online thru Mirlyn.*
Lublin, David Ian and Katherine
Tate. 1995. “Racial Group Competition in Urban Elections.” In Classifying by Race, ed. Paul E.
Peterson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 245-61.
Metz, David Haywood and
Katherine Tate. 1995. “The Color of Urban Campaigns.” In Classifying by Race, ed. Paul E. Peterson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 262-77.
Dec 5 Interactions with Class, Religion, Gender
& Sexuality
Readings:
Cohen, Cathy J. 1999. The Boundaries of Blackness: AIDS and the
Breakdown of Black Politics. Chapter 1 (“The Boundaries of Black
Politics”), Chapter 2 (“Marginalization”), Chapter 3 (“Enter AIDS”), Chapter 5
(“All the Black People Fit to Print”), and Chapter 6 (“Conspiracies and
Controversies”). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in
African-American Politics. Chapter
1 (“The Changing Class Structure of Black America and the Political Behavior of
African Americans”), Chapter 2 (“Race, Class, and African-American Economic
Polarization”), Chapter 3 (“The Politicization of African-American Racial Group
Interests”), and Chapter 4 (“Models of African-American Racial and Economic
Group Interests”). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hochschild, Jennifer L. 1993. “Middle
Class Blacks and the Ambiguities of Success.” In Prejudice, Politics, and the American Dilemma, eds. Paul M.
Sniderman, Philip E. Tetlock, and Edward G. Carmines. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 148-72.
Harris, Fredrick C. 1995.
“Religious Institutions and African American Political Mobilization.” In Classifying by Race, ed. Paul E.
Peterson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 278-312.
Gay, Claudine and Katherine
Tate. 1998. “Doubly Bound: The Impact of Gender and Race on the Politics of
Black Women.” Political Psychology 19:
169-84.
http://ispp.org/ISPP/publications/journal/back/v19/POPS098.PDF*
Dec 12 Multiculturalism & National Identity
Readings:
Taylor, Charles. 1992. “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism, eds. Charles Taylor and Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Citrin, Jack, Cara Wong, and
Brian Duff. 2001 . “The Meaning of American National Identity: Patterns of
Ethnic Conflict and Consensus.” In Social
Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction, eds. Richard D.
Ashmore and Lee J. Jussim. Oxford: Oxford University Press. TBA
Sidanius, James and John R.
Petrocik. 2001. “Communal and National Identity in a Multiethnic State: A
Comparison of Three Perspectives.” In
Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction, eds. Richard
D. Ashmore and Lee J. Jussim. Oxford: Oxford University Press. TBA
Glazer, Nathan. 1997. We are all Multiculturalists Now. Chapter 1 (“The Multicultural Explosion”),
Chapter 5 (“Dealing with Diversity, Past and Present”), Chapter 6 (“Where
Assimilation Failed”), Chapter 7 (“Can We Be Brought Together?”), and Chapter 8
(“We Are All Multiculturalists Now”). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press..
Hollinger, David A. 1999.
“National Culture and Communities of Descent.” In Diversity and Its Discontents: Cultural Conflict and Common Ground in Contemporary
American Society, eds. Neil J. Smelser and Jeffrey C. Alexander. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 247-62.